Navigating the complexities of transport security, by Philip Ingram MBE.

Transport security: Essential for global trade

In an era where global connectivity is paramount, the security of transport systems has emerged as a critical concern.

The intricate web of logistics and transport networks is susceptible to myriad of threats, ranging from cyber-attacks to physical breaches.

Transport security is not merely a regulatory requirement; it is essential for the functioning of global trade and the safety of individuals.

The transport sector encompasses various modes, including aviation, maritime, rail and road, each with unique vulnerabilities.

Disruptions in any system can have cascading effects on supply chains, economic stability and public safety.

The key threats to our transport systems include:

• Cybersecurity risks – the increasing reliance on digital technologies has made transportation systems vulnerable to cyber-threats. Ransomware attacks, data breaches and system failures can disrupt operations and compromise sensitive information
• Physical security threats – geopolitical challenges (conflicts), incidents of theft, vandalism and terrorism pose risks to transport infrastructure. Unauthorised access to transport hubs can lead to cargo tampering, asset damage and safety hazards
• Operational challenges – the complexity of logistics networks, often involving multiple subcontractors and third-party providers, complicates security efforts. Ensuring consistent security across all touchpoints in the supply chain is a daunting task
• Natural disasters and accidents – from fires to storms, natural disasters and accidents probably have the greatest impact on the operation of our transport networks

Technology is often key to enhancing security and mitigating risks – and one of the most effective ways to bolster transport security is through the implementation of advanced surveillance technologies.

Live video monitoring systems provide real-time visibility across networks, enabling rapid response to incidents.

These systems can be integrated with other security measures, such as motion detectors and access control systems, to create a comprehensive security framework.

The cyber-threat landscape

The cyber domain delivers the greatest risk to our transport networks.

As cyber-threats become more sophisticated, systems must adopt robust cybersecurity protocols. This includes:

• Regular security audits – assessments of IT infrastructure to identify vulnerabilities
• Incident response plans – developing clear protocols for responding to cyber-incidents
• Employee training – ensuring that staff are educated about cybersecurity best practices to prevent human error, which is often a significant factor in breaches

The cyber domain is a key target area for hostile states and the 2017 NotPetya cyber-attack had a significant impact on the transport industry, particularly on shipping and logistics companies.

The attack, which exploited a vulnerability in a Ukrainian accounting software, spread rapidly through interconnected networks, causing widespread disruption.

The shipping giant Maersk was severely affected, with operations at multiple ports and terminals grinding to a halt.

The company was forced to reinstall thousands of servers and computers, leading to financial losses and operational delays.

A FedEx subsidiary also experienced disruptions, impacting its ability to process orders. The attack highlighted vulnerabilities in the marine supply chain.

However, it’s not just shipping that is vulnerable. A hack linked to an insider at internet provider Global Reach in September 2024 caused terror messages to be displayed on devices accessing Wi-Fi at UK railway stations.

The incident disrupted public Wi-Fi services managed by Network Rail and operated by Telent. The Wi-Fi service was suspended for investigation for several days.

In September 2024, Transport for London (TfL) suffered a significant cyber-attack at the start that exposed bank and other personal details of 5,000 customers and required 30,000 employees to book in with IT support to perform in-person password resets.

While Tube and bus services were unaffected, other operations and applications were shut down. A scheme to roll out contactless ticketing to stations outside London was also delayed.

Supply chain complexity and geopolitical tensions

As we all know, we are only as secure as our weakest point and the involvement of multiple subcontractors in the transport chain can create gaps in security.

Effective communication between all stakeholders is therefore crucial for maintaining security.

Establishing clear protocols for information sharing can help identify potential threats before they escalate.

Regular meetings and updates can foster a culture of security awareness among all parties involved.

Current geopolitical tensions are also influencing transport security.

Shipping is diverting, aircraft are avoiding conflict zones and airports in such locations are being closed on a regular basis because of drone threats.

Often when conflicts develop, the transport networks are one of the first targets and one of the first indicators of an increasing risk often comes from the insurance industry; it is they that frequently dictate changes such as the re-routing of shipping.

A proactive path forward

The landscape of transport security is complex and ever-evolving. As threats become sophisticated, so too must the strategies employed to combat them.

By leveraging advanced technologies, fostering a culture of security and maintaining open lines of communication, stakeholders can enhance the resilience of transportation systems.

Ultimately, a proactive approach to transport security will safeguard not only the integrity of supply chains but the safety of individuals and communities.

This article was originally published in the August edition of Security Journal UK. To read your FREE digital edition, click here.